LAB NOTES

Let’s distinguish between “hydration”, “rehydration” and

“cellular rehydration” and “cellular hydration”. In simple

terms most people confuse or equate “hydration” and

“rehydration” as being one in the same. Hydration

is “before” exercise or activity and rehydration is “after”

exercise or activity. That in mind, the terms rehydration

in their most basic sense in the minds of the

majority of consumers relates to the replenishment of

water, electrolytes, or a combination of water and electrolytes lost through exercise, strenuous

activity or dehydration. This is the replenishment of electrolytes “outside” of the cells.

Hydration would be the loading of fluids prior to strenuous exercise or activity. Again, this

occurs “outside” of the cells.

Whereas true “cellular rehydration” or “cellular hydration” is the chemical process that occurs

at the cellular level (inside the cell) – where in the cell is hydrated directly and as the cells

swell up (with the proper nutrients), it triggers an anabolic mechanism in the body, which is a

healing mechanism. It is accompanied by positive nitrogen balance, protein synthesis, and

growth hormone release. In simpler terms – it means the body begins immediately “healing

itself” or better stated – it begins “recovery”. Muscles begin their recovery, tissue begins

repair, energy is restored and the body begins to “recharge” itself – it recovers more fully and

completely – physiologically and physically.

Cellular hydration also results in a reduction of cell acidity, reduced autoimmune response,

increased fat burning, DNA repair, and increased resistance to viruses. H2O Overdrive is

formulated to stimulate and support cellular rehydration (cellular hydration) without

unnecessary sugar and calories.

Based on extensive scientific research and numerous published studies, the team at Innovative Health Solutions developed the unique proprietary formula for H2O Overdrive™ to provide effective rehydration, boost energy and sports performance and aid muscle recovery. Hydration research studies have demonstrated the positive proof that a precise ratio of protein and carbohydrates promotes cellular rehydration and supports muscle recovery, including a recent study published in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism which measured the effectiveness of three different beverages in rehydrating athletes. This particular study was conducted on 13 endurance athletes who drank either (a) water or (b) a carbohydrate-electrolyte sports drink or (c) a protein-carbohydrate-electrolyte sports drink or water after losing 2.5% of their body weight through exercise-induced sweat loss. Investigators found that the protein-carbohydrate-electrolyte sports drink rehydrated athletes 15% better than the carbohydrate-electrolyte sports drink and some 40% better than water. Previous studies have also shown that a carbohydrate-protein sports drink, when compared to a conventional carbohydrate-only sports drink or electrolyte only sports drink improves endurance, reduces post-exercise muscle damage and even improves performance in a subsequent exercise bout or sports event. All of this combined scientific data and research supports the development of our unique proprietary formula.

A product with added benefit – We have formulated a product that delivers more than the competition. We have formulated a beverage that is more than just an energy drink, more than an electrolyte drink and much more than a carbohydrate drink. We have formulated the perfect blend of essential nutrients into one great tasting beverage that is like no other on the market today. We have created a new “sub-category” of functional beverage—we have created the future of hydration.

Overdrive Carbohydrate Complex ™ - a precise blend of low glycemic response rice oligodextrins, maltodextrin, fructose, glucose and glycerol designed to deliver a balanced longer lasting boost of energy and glycogen replenishment in combination with a balanced ratio of protein to facilitate cellular rehydration, optimized glycogen resynthesis, balanced insulin and nutrient metabolism and enhanced protein synthesis.

Overdrive Essential Mineral Complex ™

Zinc - is an important co factor in at least 45 different enzyme systems. To athletes one of the most important of these systems is protein synthesis. Zinc is necessary for cell growth and rapid proliferation. High protein diets and increased muscle workload increase the body’s need for zinc.

Copper - is essential in the formation of red blood cells, bone, hemoglobin and elastin and is instrumental in the healing process and in energy production.

Biotin - is essential for the synthesis of proteins and fatty acids and in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Iodine - is a trace mineral that plays an important role in good health; in its formation with thyroxine (a thyroid hormone) it regulates the body’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Iodine also plays an important role in the metabolism of excess fat.

Manganese - is essential for strong connective tissue and is needed for fat and protein metabolism, as well as regulation of your blood sugar (blood glucose) levels and in energy production.

Chromium - is necessary for the utilization of protein and in nutrient transmission and is involved in the metabolism of glucose and is needed in the production of energy.

Selenium - is a very powerful antioxidant that prevents the formation of free radicals, which can cause damage to the body. Selenium also holds an essential role in maintaining muscle integrity.

Molybdenum - is essential to our well-being; however it is a very rare trace mineral that is necessary for nitrogen (protein) metabolism and it also promotes normal cellular function.

Text Box: Understanding the nutrients in H2O Overdrive™ and their essential importance in hydration, rehydration and recovery. C - (Ascorbic acid) plays an important role in the utilization of the amino acids that are essential in muscular growth and development. Vitamin C is also essential in the formation of collagen and other fibrous tissue. Collagen is the main supportive protein of skin, tendon, teeth, bone, cartilage and connective tissue. Vitamin C speeds the repair of broken down tissue, supporting faster recuperation of the muscle fiber and supportive tissue. B5 - (Pantothenic acid) is known as an essential co-enzyme for many if not all biochemical reactions involving amino acids (the building blocks of protein). Vitamin B6 is essential in the body’s utilization of fats and carbohydrates. Without B6, energy cannot be produced in the body’s cells. B6 is involved in more bodily functions than any other single nutrient. It affects both mental and physical health B3 - (Niacin) is also of major importance is assisting in cellular respiration and in the cells utilization of nutrients. Niacin also acts as a mild vasodilator, which means it increases the diameter of the blood vessels and increases the blood flow. B3 aids in proper circulation and assists in the function of the nervous system. Vitamin B3 is also essential for the utilization of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. B6 – (Pyridoxine) performs a wide variety of functions in your body and is essential for your good health and is needed for more than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. It is essential for red blood cell metabolism and also helps maintain your blood glucose (blood sugar level). A – vitamin A acts as an antioxidant, and is essential in protein utilization as protein cannot be utilized by the body without vitamin A. D – acts much like a hormone, in so much as it is directly involved in regulating the function of specific organs. It is important in the function of the thyroid and pituitary glands, with one of its most vital and primary functions being to enhance intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are very important minerals. E - is a fat soluble vitamin, which research has indicated as a powerful antioxidant that is important in the integrity of muscle tissue. B2 - (Riboflavin) is essential for cellular respiration and is vital for the utilization of protein, fats and carbohydrates by the body. B1 - (Thiamine) is one of the co-enzymes that help keep your energy levels high and is needed for normal muscle tone and function as well as being essential in carbohydrate metabolism, circulation and blood formation. B9 – (Folic acid) is also known as folate, it is necessary for the synthesis of RNA and DNA, which are responsible for cell reproduction and formation. Folic acid is needed for energy production and the formation of red blood cells and is actively involved in protein synthesis. B12 - (Cyanocobalamin) is necessary for proper digestion, protein synthesis, the utilization of carbohydrates and fats as well as it assists in cellular production and cellular longevity. Calcium - is vital in the formation and maintenance of our bones and is very important in the maintenance of a regular heartbeat and nerve impulses, it is also essential to muscle growth and contraction and is necessary for the prevention of muscle cramps and is an essential mineral in the clotting of blood. Sodium - is vital in the utilization of nutrients and cellular metabolism. It is necessary for the maintenance of proper blood pH, and proper water balance in the body. Sodium is vital in the control of muscle cramps and spasms. It is one of the vital nutrients (electrolytes) lost during exercise and strenuous workloads through sweat. Potassium - is one of the most abundant minerals in the human body. Many cellular enzyme systems rely on potassium. Muscular contraction is one of the most vital. Potassium is necessary for a normal heart rhythm and stable blood pressure. Potassium is also another vital nutrient (electrolyte) that is lost through sweat during exercise or sports. Magnesium - is needed for almost all cellular chemical reactions; this mineral is vital for regulating cell metabolism and is vital to enzyme activity. Your muscles require a correct balance of magnesium in order to function properly. Zinc - is an important co factor in at least 45 different enzyme systems. To athletes one of the most important of these systems is protein synthesis. Zinc is necessary for cell growth and rapid proliferation. High protein diets and increased muscle workload increase the body’s need for zinc. Copper - is essential in the formation of red blood cells, bone, hemoglobin and elastin and is instrumental in the healing process and in energy production. Biotin - is essential for the synthesis of proteins and fatty acids and in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Iodine - is a trace mineral that plays an important role in good health; in its formation with thyroxine (a thyroid hormone) it regulates the body’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Iodine also plays an important role in the metabolism of excess fat. Manganese - is essential for strong connective tissue and is needed for fat and protein metabolism, as well as regulation of your blood sugar (blood glucose) levels and in energy production. Chromium - is necessary for the utilization of protein and in nutrient transmission and is involved in the metabolism of glucose and is needed in the production of energy. Selenium - is a very powerful antioxidant that prevents the formation of free radicals, which can cause damage to the body. Selenium also holds an essential role in maintaining muscle integrity. Molybdenum - is essential to our well-being; however it is a very rare trace mineral that is necessary for nitrogen (protein) metabolism and it also promotes normal cellular function. Taurine – is the abundant sulfur-containing β-amino acid in brain where it exerts a neuroprotective effect, it is an L-chain amino acid that is essential as a building block in all amino acids. Research has shown its role in elevating mood, mental alertness, reaction time as well as its importance in osmoregulation (the balancing of water and mineral salts in the blood). It is also necessary for the proper digestion of food and in the absorption of vitamins and plays a vital role in the digestion of fat. Although it is known that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates taurine transport, the regulation of taurine transport have not been clarified yet. So to suggest any different is irresponsible and inaccurate. Taurine transport into six brain regions of equithesin-anesthetized rats was studied by the in situ brain perfusion technique. This technique gives both accurate measurements of cerebrovascular amino acid transport and allows complete control of the perfusate amino acid composition. Final wash procedure showed that taurine efflux occurred rapidly from endothelial cells. (Endothelium - the layer of epithelial cells that lines the cavities of the heart and of the blood and lymph vessels and the serous cavities of the body, originating from the mesoderm. Mesoderm is the middle of the three germ layers, gives rise to the musculoskeletal, blood, vascular and urinogenital systems, to connective tissue (including that of dermis) and contributes to some glands.) The taurine influx into endothelial cells was sodium and chloride dependent suggesting that the sodium and chloride gradients are the principal source of energy for taurine transport into endothelial cells. Taurine transport could be fitted by a model with saturable components. Further studies do indicate that though the BBB may mediate or regulate taurine’s entry into the bloodstream proper that in fact though - taurine does indeed cross the BBB. Suggesting that taurine’s effectiveness is not dependant on being able to pass the blood brain barrier (BBB) – but more in line with being mediated (as most nutrients are) - as is so evidenced in numerous scientific studies and clinical trials, which also show support of sodium and other electrolytes useful in the transmission of taurine. Arginine - is an essential L-chain amino acid that helps the body retain more nitrogen – and nitrogen plays a vital role in muscle synthesis. Arginine has also shown substantial support of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) the body’s natural healing and recovery process. Glycine - is an L-chain amino that is the third amino acid in the chain of formation for glutathione. Glycine retards muscle degeneration by supplying additional creatine to the muscles. BCAA’s: Branch chain amino acids are the essential amino acids Leucine, Iso-leucine and Valine and research has shown their importance in protecting the muscles through prolonged workouts or strenuous workloads as well as their role in protein synthesis, protecting against muscle protein degradation and in supporting cognitive response and mental alertness. Leucine - is an essential amino acid that lowers elevated blood sugar levels and aids in the healing of bones, skin, muscle fiber and tissue. Leucine comprises eight percent of all body proteins. It stimulates protein synthesis and insulin secretion from the pancreas (which in turn stimulates the entrance of amino acids into the muscle tissue). Iso-leucine - is an essential amino acid that is needed for hemoglobin formation and also assists in stabilizing and regulating blood sugar and energy levels. Valine - is an essential L-chain amino acid that is essential for the body’s hydrogen and nitrogen balances. It is vital for proper muscle metabolism and for proper tissue repair and growth. Betaine- is necessary for adequate absorption of protein, calcium, vitamin B12 and also plays an important role in the health of the cardiovascular system. Choline - is an important vitamin for cognitive clarity and is essential for the maintenance of a sharp, alert mind and memory. Choline is also important in supporting the reduction of bodyfat. Inositol - like choline is another B complex factor and supports thermogenesis, the body’s own natural fat burning process. Caffeine - has many specific benefits for various types of athletics, our focus is on enhanced physical and mental performance. Research has indicated that caffeine can improve the endurance in sports like cycling, running, and other endurance events. Caffeine has also shown to decrease fatigue and increase mental acuity. Some may question the use of caffeine in energy / hydration beverages or not fully understand the rational for including it as an ingredient in H2O Overdrive™. Though this subject is less controversial among professional athletes it has been aired in the public forum and to that point we direct your attention to specific research that has established caffeine’s place and role in athletics, energy and performance. Glycogen is the principle fuel for muscles, but fat is the most abundant resource that the body can use for energy, however it is not the “first choice” the body makes in selecting a fuel source – wherein caffeine, when it is consumed – the caffeine enters the body and forces the working muscles to utilize as much fat as possible thereby delaying the immediate depletion of glycogen – which allows for better endurance (hence – longer term energy). Scientific studies have shown that caffeine use before or during exercise can reduce the loss of glycogen by fifty percent. Additional studies have shown that consuming caffeine can actual increase the total “output” by as much as 7%. One such study on 9 trained athletes performing a 2 hour endurance test cycling showed that by consuming caffeine that athletes were able to increase their total output during the duration of the test supporting the positive physiological impact of using caffeine in endurance activities. Further studies indicate the positive effects of caffeine on mental focus through caffeine’s stimulation of the central nervous system. Keeping in perspective that H2O Overdrive™ contains only as much caffeine as a single cup of coffee – in a precision balance to the other nutrients in our formulation, you can more easily see the reason, application and rational for caffeine in our formula. Whereas other products contain more massive amounts of caffeine which can cause the “talked about” adverse and unwanted effects. This underscores the importance of a balanced and well research formula and an understanding of human performance and physiology in seeking out the optimal in hydration and rehydration drinks. Studies include: Effects of Ingesting Protein with Various Forms of Carbohydrates Following Resistance Exercise – Kreider, et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2007 Nov; 12 (4):18 Effects of Liquid Carbohydrate/Essential Amino Acid Ingestion On Acute Hormone Response – Bird, et al. Nutrition 2006 April; 22 (4):367-75 Post Exercise Muscle Glycogen Recovery Enhanced with a Carbohydrate-Protein Supplement – Berardi, et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006 June; 38 (6):1106-13 Effects of Recovery Beverages on Glycogen Restoration and Endurance Exercise Performance – Williams, et al. J Strength Cond Res 2003 Feb; 17 (1):12-9 Early Post Exercise Muscle Glycogen Recovery is Enhanced with a Carbohydrate-Protein Supplement – Ivy, et al. J Appl Physiol 2002 Oct; 93 (4):1337-44 Influence of Differing Macronutrient Intakes on Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis After Resistance Exercise – Roy et al. J Appl Physiol 1998 Mar; 84 (3):890-6 Postexercise Protein-Carbohydrate Supplements Increase Glycogen in Men and Women – Tarnopolsky et al. J Appl Physiol 1997 Dec; 83(6):1877-83 Carbohydrate-Protein Complex Increases the Rate of Muscle Glycogen Storage After Exercise – Zawadzki et al. J Appl Physiol 1992 ; 72:1854-1859 Passage of taurine into adult mammalian brain. Urquhart N, Perry TL, Hansen S, Kennedy J. Journal of Neurochemistry 1974 May;22(5):871-2. Sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of taurine at the blood-brain barrier. Tsuji A, Tamai I. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1996;403:385-91. The effects of systemically administered taurine and N-pivaloyltaurine on striatal extracellular dopamine and taurine in freely moving rats. Salimäki J, Scriba G, Piepponen TP, Rautolahti N, Ahtee L. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 2003 Aug;368(2):134-41.